Black Plague [2025]

: The plague reportedly entered Europe during a Mongol siege of the Genoese port of Kaffa in Crimea. The Mongol army allegedly catapulted plague-infected corpses over the city walls, an early instance of biological warfare.

Comprehensive Report: The Black Death (1347–1351) The Black Death was a devastating global pandemic that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s, ranking as the most fatal pandemic in recorded human history. It was caused by the bacterium , which resulted in an estimated 25 to 50 million deaths in Europe alone—wiping out roughly 33% to 60% of the continent's population. 1. Origins and Global Spread black plague

While the exact territorial origin is debated, scientific evidence points toward Central Asia or China. : The plague reportedly entered Europe during a

: Genoese trading ships fleeing Kaffa carried infected rats and fleas to Mediterranean ports like Messina, Sicily, and eventually to Marseilles, Genoa, and Venice. 2. Biological Cause and Variants It was caused by the bacterium , which

: The disease traveled along major trade routes, reaching the Black Sea by the late 1340s.