Establishing the standards for evaluating the results, such as identifying patterns or commonalities. Methodological Framework
To defend against criticisms of lack of rigor, Yin offers four tests for quality: construct validity , internal validity , external validity , and reliability . Analytic and Reporting Strategies Case study research : design and methods
Concepts derived from existing literature that guide the study's focus (optional for exploratory cases). Establishing the standards for evaluating the results, such
Yin emphasizes that data analysis is often the most difficult stage and requires a clear strategy, such as pattern matching or explanation building. For the final report, he suggests several structures, including linear-analytic, comparative, chronological, and theory-building formats. 3rd Edition (2003) 5th Edition (2014) 6th Edition (2017) Primary Focus Establishing the method's rigor. Advanced concepts for rigor. Integrating applications and research. New Features Logic models for analysis. 9 new cases, 7 tutorials. 11 in-depth applications. Major Update Expanded multi-method studies. Focus on logic models/ethics. Emphasis on rival explanations. Yin emphasizes that data analysis is often the