: Constructors set initial values for instance variables, ensuring every object starts in a "valid state".

: In many languages (e.g., Java, C++), the constructor must have the exact same name as the class.

: Triggered by the new keyword, constructors allocate memory and inform the runtime environment (like the JVM) what type of object to create.

In object-oriented programming (OOP), a is a specialized method automatically invoked when a new instance of a class is created. Its primary purpose is to initialize the object's state and ensure it is ready for use. Core Characteristics