: This discovery directly contradicted the prevailing medical consensus that adult skull bones are fused and immovable.
: Sutherland's central theory describes an inherent rhythmic motion distinct from cardiac and pulmonary cycles. Core Principles of the Cranial Concept Cranial Osteopathy
The practice is built upon five fundamental physiological pillars that practitioners believe they can palpate and influence: Dr. William Garner Sutherland (1873-1954) - PMC - NIH a student of osteopathy's founder
: While examining a disarticulated skull, Sutherland noticed the temporal bones were beveled like fish gills, suggesting they were designed for respiratory-like movement. Andrew Taylor Still.
Cranial osteopathy was pioneered in the late 1890s by , a student of osteopathy's founder, Andrew Taylor Still.