: Surviving largely through the 11th-century epitomes of John Xiphilinus and the 12th-century works of John Zonaras. Primary Access Points
: Nearly complete; these cover the critical period of 65 BCE to 12 BCE, detailing the collapse of the Republic and the rise of Augustus. Dio Cassius: Roman History
: Exist mostly as sparse fragments or summaries (epitomes). : Surviving largely through the 11th-century epitomes of
: The Internet Archive provides digitized versions of all 9 Loeb volumes for in-depth study. Cassius Dio — Epitome of Book 73 : The Internet Archive provides digitized versions of
For detailed research or reading, the following resources are highly recommended:
: Unlike many historians, Dio was a practicing politician. His work often reflects his senatorial biases, particularly his interest in the relationship between the emperor and the Senate.
: Dio frequently critiques the shift from merit-based adoption (like Hadrian's) to hereditary succession, famously noting that the Roman Empire descended from a "kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust" following the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
