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Metatarsus adductus, Achilles tendon tightness, and hammertoe are frequently observed alongside HV. 3. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment

Hallux valgus, often referred to as a bunion, is a prevalent forefoot deformity, affecting 23% to 35% of the population, with a higher incidence in women. The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to a prominent bursa on the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. While pain is the primary driver for seeking care, many patients also report cosmetic concerns and difficulty with footwear. 2. Etiology and Pathogenesis Download Hallux valgus pdf

Patients typically present with pain over the medial bony prominence (bunion), worsened by footwear pressure, and sometimes associated with bursitis. Radiographic Metrics (Weight-bearing): Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA): Normal 40∘is greater than 40 raised to the composed with power Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA): Normal <9∘is less than 9 raised to the composed with power (between 1st and 2nd metatarsal shafts). The pathology involves a lateral deviation of the

This draft covers the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hallux valgus, utilizing current research and established clinical guidelines. 4. Management Strategies

Hallux Valgus: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Measured using the longitudinal axes of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx. 4. Management Strategies