: A witness's recollection often reflects not just what they saw, but information they acquired later from news reports or other witnesses.

The human brain does not record events like a video camera; instead, memory is reconstructive.

: Researchers now emphasize that the very first memory test is the most reliable. Subsequent interviews or lineups can actually alter the witness’s memory of the perpetrator.

While eyewitness testimony is a cornerstone of the legal system, it is famously one of the most persuasive yet potentially unreliable forms of evidence. Recent research suggests a more nuanced view: eyewitness memory is not inherently broken but is highly "malleable" and susceptible to contamination by police procedures and the passage of time. The Fragility of Memory