2. Contemporary Geopolitics: Student Resistance and Military Tech
The name is also associated with several active researchers whose papers contribute to specialized fields: : Carried by Venera 13 and 14, this
In modern Russia, "Groza" is the name of both a prominent independent student media outlet and a military software system. : To determine if electrical activity exists in
On the Soviet missions in the late 1970s and early 1980s, "Groza" was a specialized instrument suite designed to detect lightning and thunderstorms on Venus. : Carried by Venera 13 and 14, this
: Carried by Venera 13 and 14, this instrument utilized electrodes to record discharge currents in the lower Venusian atmosphere.
: An independent media project that tracks political pressure on Russian universities. A 2025 study by Groza and OVD-Info analyzed over 130 cases of administrative persecution, including student expulsions and the dissolution of independent student councils.
: To determine if electrical activity exists in Venus's dense, high-pressure clouds. Electrostatic modeling has since been used to reconstruct sensor geometry and explain signals detected during descent.