: Grouping aircraft by stall speed to determine specific obstacle clearance altitudes (OCA/H) for each type. Key Technical Components
: Designing for traditional ground-based aids like VOR, NDB, and ILS.
: Modern criteria for GPS and area navigation, including RNP (Required Navigation Performance) and Baro-VNAV. Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) - Aircraft Operations
: Establishing parameters for turn areas, including wind spirals and bank angles, to ensure aircraft stay within protected airspace. : Grouping aircraft by stall speed to determine
, formally titled "Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures," is the essential technical manual for procedure design specialists. While Volume I is designed for flight crews, Volume II provides the complex mathematical criteria and obstacle clearance requirements needed to build safe, regular instrument flight operations worldwide. Core Purpose and Scope
: Defining the minimum vertical separation (MOC) required between an aircraft and any terrain or man-made obstacles. Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) - Aircraft
The primary goal of Volume II is to standardize how States, operators, and charting organizations design flight procedures. This uniformity ensures that a pilot flying into any international aerodrome can rely on consistent safety margins, regardless of local terrain. Key areas of focus include: