These papers explore how mathematics became the dominant language of economics and the challenges this shift created.
(2025): A more advanced look at how fractional calculus —which handles "non-local" properties—can be applied to financial models and complex economic processes. Historical & Critical Perspectives Mathematical Economics
: Focuses on the Lagrange multiplier method for optimizing functions under constraints and explains the importance of Brouwer's and Kakutani's fixed-point theorems in supply and demand theory. These papers explore how mathematics became the dominant
These papers cover the core mathematical methods used to structure economic models, such as optimization and equilibrium. Mathematical Economics
Critical Mathematical Economics and Progressive Data Science
: Critiques "bad" mathematical economics, specifically models that ignore real-world phenomena like economic polarization and instability. Specific Applications