Metaphysical — Native American

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Most Indigenous metaphysical systems are animistic, meaning they recognize a spiritual essence or "life force" in what Western science might call "inanimate" objects. Whether it is the Manitou of the Algonquian or the Orenda of the Iroquois, there is an understanding that the wind, the water, and the rocks possess intention and consciousness. This creates a moral obligation to treat the environment with the same respect one would accord a human person. 3. Circularity and Cyclical Time NATIVE AMERICAN METAPHYSICAL

In Western thought, humans are often viewed as separate from and superior to nature. Native American metaphysics operates on the principle of . The Lakota phrase Mitákuye Oyás'iŋ ("All my relations") encapsulates this: everything—from the stars and stones to animals and ancestors—is part of an extended family. In this system, existence is defined by how one relates to others rather than by individual identity. 2. The Living Universe (Animism) If you’d like more detail on a specific

Native American metaphysics is not a single, uniform doctrine but a diverse tapestry of spiritual philosophies shared by hundreds of nations. At its core, it challenges the Western "mechanistic" view of the universe, replacing it with a worldview defined by interconnectedness, circularity, and the inherent life force of all things. 1. Relationality: "All My Relations" This creates a moral obligation to treat the

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