: Sets a specific voltage threshold that the signal must cross to trigger a display refresh.

: Adjusts how many volts each grid square (division) represents. Zooming in (smaller volts/div) helps see tiny variations; zooming out (larger volts/div) captures large signals.

: DC coupling shows the entire signal (AC + DC offset); AC coupling blocks the DC part, useful for seeing small ripples on a large power supply voltage. Step-by-Step Guide to Use

Modern digital scopes from manufacturers like Keysight and Tektronix can automatically calculate: Peak-to-Peak Voltage ( Vppcap V sub p p end-sub

: Use the Volts/Div and Sec/Div knobs until the signal is visible and fills most of the screen. Avoid the "Auto-Set" button if you want to understand what you're seeing, as it can sometimes produce misleading results.