: In traditional systems, it was used to treat kidney stones and menstrual disorders, though it is less common today due to potential toxicity . A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L. - PMC
: Its rhizomes and roots are valued for improving blood circulation, purifying blood, and treating inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and psoriasis. : In traditional systems, it was used to
: It contains anthraquinones (like alizarin and purpurin), terpenes, and cyclopeptides . 2. Rubia tinctorum (Common Madder) : In traditional systems
: The dried roots contain the pigment alizarin , which was the primary source for red textiles before synthetic dyes were developed. : In traditional systems, it was used to