: The research demonstrates that monarch butterflies reared in captivity (often purchased from commercial breeders) lose the innate ability to orient south for migration. Even when these butterflies were raised outdoors to experience natural environmental cues, they still failed to orient correctly compared to wild butterflies.
The most significant "solid article" on this topic explores how captive-bred monarch butterflies lose their ability to migrate. strand & tenger
: The study suggests that while environmental cues are important, there is a likely genetic basis or a rapid evolutionary shift occurring in captive populations that "breaks" the migratory strand in their behavioral biology. : The research demonstrates that monarch butterflies reared
The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews strand & tenger