: Beyoncé and her dancers perform in front of Jacques-Louis David's massive painting, using the synchrony of Black bodies to "upstage" symbols of white monarchy.

: Beyond the art, the song contains sharp commentary on contemporary issues, such as JAY-Z's lyrics about turning down the Super Bowl halftime show and criticism of the Recording Academy.

The video is an "embodied disruption" that challenges the Western-centric narrative of art history. Key artistic references include: